Nature

Frequency-modulated high-power photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers for long-distance coherent free-space optical communications

In this Article we propose and experimentally demonstrate PCSELs that enable high-power FM with suppressed amplitude modulation (AM) under direct modulation, and we apply these PCSELs to coherent FSO ...
Nature

Improved demodulated phase signal resolution for carrier signals with small modulation index by clipping and synchronous sampling for heterodyne interferometers

Phase modulation 1 (PM) is applied in many fields, such as satellite communication systems 2, microwave Doppler radar systems 3, interferometry 4, laser Doppler vibrometers (LDV) 5, and phase ...
Phys.org

A route to ultra-fast amplitude-only spatial light modulation using phase-change materials

A team of researchers from the Center for Research and Innovation in Metamaterials at the University of Exeter and the Laser Processing Group at the Institute of Optics have presented in the journal ...
EDN

Spectrum Analysis – Amplitude and Frequency Modulation

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...