Compared to electric actuators, hydraulic actuators can deliver greater driving forces within limited spaces due to their high-power density characteristics, making them widely used in ...

In this study, a novel cascaded exponential proportional–integral–derivative (exp-PID) controller tuned by the starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA) is proposed for enhancing the transient and steady ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...