Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an evolutionary algorithm (EA) with bilevel surrogate modeling, called BL-SAEA, for tackling bilevel optimization problems (BLOPs), in which an upper ...

The US Securities and Exchange Commission is turning its attention to the potential for misconduct in a private equity ...

Two brothers in Singapore have built a data-encryption company on pure mathematics, betting that a problem no algorithm can ...

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the crack defects generated on the surface of MEMS devices are difficult to detect under high overload impact, this paper proposes a crack detection method ...